How does a car charger work?

The working principle of a car charger is to convert 220V AC mains electricity into 16V AC electricity through the magnetic field of the primary coil and secondary coil of the transformer, and then convert it into DC voltage through the rectification of the rectifier. However, due to the attenuation of the rectifier, the DC voltage is 14V, which just matches the peak voltage of the 12V battery, that is, the virtual voltage.

When charging a car battery, it converts electrical energy into chemical energy, and when discharging, it converts chemical energy into electrical energy. When discharging, the metal lead is the negative electrode and will be oxidized into lead sulfate, and the lead dioxide is the positive electrode and will be reduced to lead sulfate. When charging, the two poles produce lead and lead dioxide respectively, and after power failure, they return to the pre-discharge state to form a chemical battery.

Lead-acid batteries can be charged and discharged repeatedly, and are called secondary batteries. The voltage is 2V. Generally, three in series are 6V. Six in series are used to form a 12V battery pack in a car. Ordinary lead-acid batteries need to be supplemented with sulfuric acid from time to time to ensure that the electrolyte contains 22-28% dilute sulfuric acid.

In addition, the car charger can also convert the 12V voltage of the car cigarette lighter socket into a 5V USB voltage to charge electronic products through the charging cable. Usually, the car charger converts 12V (12V for cars, 24V for trucks) DC power into 5-20V DC power to charge mobile devices on the vehicle. It has low power consumption, is simple and convenient, and is cheap.