Problems and suggestions of electric vehicles

The "12th Five-Year Plan" period is a period of strategic opportunities for the rapid development of China's electric vehicle society. The development of the basic industrial structure of the electric vehicle society determines the quality of China's seizing the new growth points of the global economy in the future, determines whether the industrial structure upgrading and power system transformation of China's automobile industry are successfully realized, and is an important strategic opportunity to realize the transformation of the automobile industry from big to strong.
The social development trend of China's electric vehicles is generally good, but it is faced with such problems as no development experience and model to learn from, incomplete value chain of electric vehicle manufacturing, incessant conflict of interests among stakeholders in the value chain system, relatively weak technological foundation and innovation ability, insufficient awareness of enterprise intellectual property rights and standard strategy, unsmooth open and collaborative innovation mechanism, policy guidance and technical strategy to be optimized, and unclear starting point of demonstration and popularization, Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen the research and deployment of the following aspects during the key period of the "12th Five-Year Plan":
（1） Carry out research on the social connotation of electric vehicles, actively explore and plan the road map for the social development of electric vehicles
China is at the forefront of the world in the research and development activities and demonstration and promotion of electric vehicle technology. Especially in the demonstration and promotion of electric vehicles, there is no foreign successful experience to learn from. In order to avoid going the wrong way and delaying the opportunity, China should strengthen the research on the change trend of domestic and foreign political, economic, social and technological environment, and analyze the impact of different change trends on the strengths/weaknesses, opportunities/threats of China's electric vehicles (SWOT analysis method), To guide the decision-making in the social development process of electric vehicles.
（2） Digest and absorb the value chain of foreign electric vehicle manufacturers, and combine the development process of China's electric vehicle society to form a horizontal division of electric vehicle manufacturers' value chain with reasonable division of labor, balanced interests, and effective combination of technology and finance
Compared with the vertically integrated traditional automobile value chain dominated by traditional vehicle enterprises and attached to parts, the value chain of electric vehicle manufacturers has the characteristics of horizontal division of labor. In order to improve the value chain of electric vehicle manufacturers with horizontal division of labor, China should establish corresponding guiding policies to guide the division of labor between vehicle manufacturers and key parts and system assembly units in product development and production, and realize the transfer of some high value-added value to parts and components, such as the integrated design and control of APU units, the integrated design and management of battery packs, and finally achieve a reasonable distribution of interests among enterprises in the entire industrial chain, So as to improve the enthusiasm of all enterprises.
In addition, China should actively guide and attract the capital of large state-owned enterprises, venture capital and private capital into the value chain of the electric vehicle industry, and realize the deep integration of electric vehicle technology and financial capital.
（3） Insist on doing something and not doing something, and strive to break through the short board technology of electric vehicle products for ordinary consumers in all-weather environment
An important measure of the social maturity of electric vehicles is the proportion of electric vehicle ownership to the total number of cars in the whole society. China's electric vehicle ownership accounts for less than 1/5000 of the total number of cars in the country, which is still in the early stage of the rapid development of the electric vehicle society. The reasons are mainly due to the engine control technology of conventional hybrid electric vehicles, the rapid start and stop technology of electric vehicle engines, the battery cost control technology, the battery material preparation technology, the battery high-voltage safety device manufacturing technology, the high power and high current IGBT technology, the low temperature environmental adaptability technology of batteries, the technology to avoid thermal runaway of batteries, the vehicle high-voltage safety protection technology Technologies such as vehicle energy management and active safety control still cannot meet the vehicle performance requirements, and the overall performance of electric vehicles must follow the "cask principle". Therefore, any of the above key technologies will affect the popularity of electric vehicles and hinder the formation of electric vehicle society.
（4） Adjust the subsidy standard of new energy vehicles and effectively link the technology development strategy of new energy vehicles with the subsidy standard
The "pure electric drive" technology strategy is an important technology strategy for the development of electric vehicle technology in China during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, which conforms to the trend of electric transformation of the global automotive power system. In order to implement the technology strategy of "pure electric drive", the Ministry of Science and Technology has formulated the specific implementation strategies of "technology platform integration", "model development" and "market promotion".
（5） Deepen the connotation of technical innovation alliance, industry-university-research cooperation, joint development and other forms of cooperation, and establish an open collaborative innovation mechanism for electric vehicles
At present, open innovation, organizational network development and wider use of collaborative technology have become important trends in business model innovation of global enterprises. The formation of the electric vehicle society depends on the joint promotion of high-tech, materials, energy, communications and other industries, and requires the interdisciplinary integration of technologies. Therefore, the open collaborative innovation mechanism is the inevitable choice under the current situation of decentralized research and development of China's electric vehicle technology and weak core technology competitiveness. Therefore, in the process of China's electric vehicle social development, we should deepen the connotation of technological innovation alliance, industry-university-research cooperation and other forms, mobilize the national advantageous resources, and form a truly representative national level, open, and mutually respectful "national alliance" for electric vehicle technological innovation.
（6） Accelerate the formulation of national standards and actively lead or participate in the formulation of international standards. On the one hand, strictly prevent international companies from adopting standardization strategies to reduce the international competitiveness of Chinese products; On the other hand, by leading or participating in the formulation of international standards and adopting strategies such as factual standards, break through international market barriers and cultivate the competitiveness of China's electric vehicles in the international market
In the process of building a sustainable electric vehicle society, how China actively responds to and guides the standardization trend is an important factor in forming China's international competitive advantage in electric vehicles. Therefore, China should carry out standardization work from the following three aspects:
(1) Balance the differentiated needs of Chinese enterprises and the overall trend of technology standardization, promote domestic standardization activities, and actively participate in international standardization activities.
(2) Actively respond to international standardization activities for some or all of China's competitive core technologies, and formulate substantive advantage strategies to ensure the competitiveness of China's products; Standardize foreign technologies that cause obstacles to China's development within the scope of ISO and ITC.
(3) Strategically think about how to deal with the standardization trend. For non-value-added technologies in the technology chain, adopt the strategy used by relevant enterprises such as BMW in Germany, use export sales to promote the wide application of technology, and use economies of scale to achieve substantial cost reduction
Wu Yuping, a professor of Fudan University, made a significant research achievement. This latest research on aqueous lithium battery system can improve the performance of lithium battery by 80%. The electric vehicle can travel 400 kilometers with only 10 seconds of charging. This kind of battery is cheap, safe and not easy to explode.