Development Of Electric Vehicles

China
The research and development of China's major electric vehicle science and technology projects began in 2001. After two five-year plans of scientific and technological breakthroughs and the application of the Olympic Games, the World Expo, and the "Ten Cities and One Thousand Vehicles" demonstration platform, China's electric vehicles have been developed from scratch, and the technology has been in a state of continuous progress. A technical system of the entire industrial chain of electric vehicles with independent intellectual property rights has been established.
By the end of 2010, a total of 25 cities across the country had joined the "ten cities and thousands of new energy vehicles" demonstration and promotion project, and 184 models of more than 50 enterprises had entered the Recommended Model Catalog for the Demonstration, Promotion and Application Project of Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles. More than 10000 electric vehicles of various types had been demonstrated and operated in various places, with a demonstration mileage of more than 200 million kilometers and a cumulative passenger capacity of more than 9 billion people. The overall level and application scale of key technologies of electric vehicles are at the forefront of the world, and breakthroughs have been made in some fields. At the same time, China's electric vehicles have made remarkable achievements in product development and demonstration and promotion. By the end of June 2012, a total of 454 energy-saving and new energy vehicle products from 83 enterprises had entered the Catalogue of Recommended Models for Demonstration and Promotion of Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles. By the end of March 2012, more than 19000 energy-saving and new energy vehicles had been promoted in 25 demonstration cities. Among them, there are 16800 vehicles in the public service field, 170 charging (replacement) power stations have been built, more than 6400 charging piles have been built, and more than 9 billion passengers have been carried.
After ten years of development, China's electric vehicles have begun to enter the stage of industrialization from the stage of research and development, and the rising China's electric vehicle industry is showing vigorous vitality.
At present, among the technical routes of various new energy vehicles, electric vehicles, represented by hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, are generally considered as the main direction of the transformation and development of the future automotive energy power system, and have become the focus of the development of the world's automobile power and major automobile manufacturers. China is already a big country in the world's auto industry, but it is "big but not strong". China's future auto industry must explore new ideas. The electric vehicle industry is expected to open up new growth points for China's automobile industry.
The next 10 years are a period of strategic opportunities for the development of new energy vehicles in China. China attaches great importance to the development of electric vehicles. In the "12th Five-Year Plan" outline issued in March 2011, China listed new energy vehicles as one of the strategic emerging industries, and proposed to focus on the development of plug-in hybrid vehicles, pure electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicle technologies, and develop plug-in hybrid vehicles Pure electric vehicle R&D and large-scale commercial demonstration project to promote industrial application. In the future, China's electric vehicles will usher in a new round of rapid development.
At the beginning of 2010, the International Climate Organization conducted an interview with 40 experts in the electric vehicle-related industry, and the results showed that the importance of charging infrastructure construction ranked second among the many factors affecting the development of electric vehicles, surpassing the purchase price factor, and second only to the battery technology improvement factor ranked first. All parties have reached a consensus on the basic and critical role of charging facilities.
From the perspective of foreign development, although the construction of charging facilities in major developed countries is still in its infancy, government support is very strong. From the perspective of domestic development, China's main participants in the construction of charging facilities include State Grid Corporation of China, China Southern Power Grid Corporation, Putian Offshore Oil, Sinopec, BYD and other enterprises. China has put into operation a certain number of charging stations and charging piles. The charging methods include fast charging, slow charging and battery replacement. The early work has provided valuable experience for the follow-up construction. At present, State Grid Corporation of China, China Southern Power Grid Corporation, Putian Offshore Oil, Sinopec and other enterprises have signed strategic cooperation agreements with most local governments, formulated relatively clear construction objectives and plans, and the construction of charging stations has begun to show a momentum of accelerated development.
Although the construction of charging infrastructure is generally highly valued at home and abroad, countries around the world are currently facing a series of problems such as unclear technical standards and operation modes. China urgently needs to strengthen research and innovation on the basis of pilot projects and explore a development path of charging infrastructure suitable for China's national conditions.
According to the data of China Automobile Industry Association, the sales of electric vehicles in China will reach 2.91 million in 2021, 2.6 times that of 2020. Government subsidies and the introduction of cheap models have encouraged more consumers to buy electric vehicles.
abroad
Famous automobile manufacturers around the world are stepping up the development of various types of electric vehicles, and have made some progress and breakthroughs.
First, Japan has always attached great importance to the research and development of electric vehicles because of its concern about the energy crisis and environmental protection and the consideration of occupying the future world auto market. From the current global situation, Japan is one of the few countries with the fastest development rate of electric vehicle technology, especially in the development of hybrid electric vehicle products. There are only two automobile companies in Japan, Toyota and Honda. In December 1997, Toyota Motor Corporation first launched the world's first mass-produced hybrid car, the PRIUS, on the Japanese market. The car was exported to North America in July 2000 and Europe in September of the same year. It has been sold in more than 20 countries around the world. The current product is the second generation product after many improvements, and its production process is more mature. According to the test of Toyota Motor Company, the PRIUS car saves 44.4% fuel than the Corolla car with the same displacement under urban conditions; In the suburbs, fuel saving is 29.7% and comprehensive fuel saving is 40.5%. Relevant statistics show that Toyota Motor Company has occupied 90% of the global hybrid vehicle market. On September 15, 2004, FAW Group and Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan held a signing ceremony for the hybrid electric vehicle cooperation project in Beijing, announcing that the two sides were in 2005. Co-produce Toyota PRIUS hybrid car. The PRIUS hybrid car will enter the Chinese market in the same year.
After the PRIUS hybrid car, Toyota also launched the ESTIMA hybrid car and the CROWN car with the soft hybrid system. Toyota Motor Company has taken the lead in the world in popularizing the low fuel consumption, low emissions and improved driving performance of the hybrid system. In addition. The Insight hybrid electric vehicle developed by Honda Motor Company has also been put on the market. The supply is in short supply. In April 2002, Honda Motor Company launched the Civic hybrid vehicle on the American market. Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. announced that it would sell the Ahima brand hybrid vehicle to the U.S. market in 2006, which is the first product of the joint production agreement with Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. in 2002.
Second, the United States. American automobile companies are much inferior to their counterparts from Japan in the industrialization of electric vehicles. The three major automobile companies have only produced and sold pure electric vehicles in small quantities, while hybrid and fuel cell electric vehicles have not yet achieved industrialization. Hybrid electric vehicles from Japan have occupied a leading position in the American market.
Third, Norway. In 2012, the sales of electric vehicles in Norway reached 10000, accounting for 5.2% of the sales of new cars in that year, which is quite eye-catching for Norway with a population of only 5 million. Most electric vehicles in the Norwegian market are Nissan Leaf models. In 2012, Nissan Leaf cars ranked 13th in the Norwegian car sales market. Other brands of electric vehicles include Revas and KewetBuddies.
On June 29, 2021 local time, according to the latest report released by the International Clean Transport Council, the output of electric vehicles in the United States is far behind that of China and Europe, and the gap has been expanding in the past three years.
The sales volume of electric vehicles in Germany in 2021 was about 340000, 1.8 times that of 2020, and 4 times that of hybrid vehicles in 2021. The sales volume of electric vehicles in the United States in 2021 is about 490000, 1.8 times that in 2020.
Global
In 2021, the global sales of electric vehicles doubled to 4.6 million, surpassing that of hybrid vehicles for the first time.
In 2021, the global sales of electric vehicles will increase to 2.2 times that of 2020, while the sales of hybrid vehicles will increase by 35% to about 3.1 million. Since 2019, the global sales of electric vehicles have almost doubled, while the sales of hybrid vehicles have increased by about 30%.