Development Prospect Of Electric Vehicles

Climate change, energy and environmental issues are long-term issues facing human society. With the return of the United States to COP15 (the 15th Meeting of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) and the inclusion of emerging countries represented by China and India, as well as the active implementation of energy and environmental protection strategies by major countries, the world has entered an era of truly solving common human and social problems. Whether the three major problems of greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and tail gas emissions in the field of transportation can be effectively solved directly affects the common problems of mankind. To this end, the governments, organizations, automobile manufacturers, energy suppliers and venture capital enterprises of major countries around the world work together to promote the upgrading of the industrial structure of the global automobile industry and the strategic transformation of power system electrification, Promote the formation of the basic industry of electric vehicle society with multi-level structure and the construction of corresponding policies and organizational security system, and promote the formation of the sustainable development of electric vehicle society.
As a major energy consumer in the world and an important force in environmental protection, China has actively implemented the electric vehicle technology strategy, promoted the upgrading of the industrial structure of the automobile industry and the transformation of the power system electrification, and cultivated and developed the electric vehicle society, which has achieved certain results. However, it still faces the urgent need to improve the policy environment, weak industrial foundation, weak international competitiveness, poor open and collaborative innovation environment, low awareness of intellectual property protection and standardization Some key technologies need to be strengthened, vehicle costs are high, and business models are not fully explored. Based on a brief analysis of the current situation and stage characteristics of the development of electric vehicle society in foreign countries, this report focuses on summarizing the development process of China's electric vehicle society, forming the basic industrial structure characteristics of China's electric vehicle society, and the development status of the policies, standards, and organizational security system required for the construction of the electric vehicle society, as well as the cultivation and development of the strategic emerging industry of new energy vehicles, Put forward suggestions to improve the social development of electric vehicles in China.
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the field of transportation is an important means to solve global climate change and a prerequisite for building a sustainable electric vehicle society. Governments and organizations of major countries in the world have formulated strict automobile exhaust emission standards to reduce the impact of the transportation sector on the global climate and environment.
In addition, some events such as the photochemical smog in Los Angeles, the world oil crisis, the turmoil in the Middle East, and the haze weather in Beijing have put forward urgent requirements for paying attention to environmental protection and ensuring national oil security, which has promoted the worldwide progress of automobile technology and accelerated the construction of electric vehicle society.
As early as 2000, under the promotion of environmental protection and national oil security strategy, the construction of an electric vehicle society was put on the agenda, and China entered the initial stage of development of the "technology guidance" of the electric vehicle society. This stage (the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period and the early stage of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period) is mainly characterized by the research and development of key technologies of electric vehicles, and focuses on a series of activities such as the original innovation and system integration innovation of key technologies of electric vehicles, the construction of test environment, the training of professional and technical talents, the construction of technical standards system, the construction of open collaborative innovation environment, and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements [4].
During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, taking tackling the technological problems of electric vehicles as the starting point, taking full account of the current situation of China's weak industrial base, weak scientific research strength, and limited R&D investment of enterprises, and giving full play to the advantages of China's socialist system of concentrating on major events, the Ministry of Science and Technology creatively proposed the "three vertical and three horizontal" strategic planning and layout of electric vehicle research and development, and comprehensively deployed the key technology of electric vehicles, Thus, the original innovation and system integration innovation of key technologies of electric vehicles in China have been completed. During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, on the basis of carefully summarizing the previous research results, we focused on the research and development of electric vehicle power system technology platform and key components, and strengthened the technical research of large-scale industrialization.
Industry and incentive policies: 1. Under the leadership of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and other ministries and commissions participated in the formulation of the Energy Conservation and New Energy Vehicle Industry Plan; 2. The national and local governments should study and formulate incentive policies for the demonstration and promotion of new energy vehicles, encourage the exemption of restrictive measures such as license plate auction, lottery, and advance, encourage the introduction of supportive policies such as parking fees, electricity prices, and road tolls, and include new energy vehicles in the government procurement catalogue; 3. The State Council's Comprehensive Work Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in the 12th Five-Year Plan clearly states that: (1) we should promote energy conservation and emission reduction in transportation and actively promote energy conservation and new energy vehicles; (2) By 2015, non-fossil energy accounted for 11.4% of the total primary energy consumption. (3) By 2015, the added value of strategic emerging industries will account for about 8% of GDP; Industrialization promotion: 1. The Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries clearly points out that new energy vehicles should be cultivated and developed as strategic emerging industries in the 7th World War; 2. The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries (revised in 2011) to encourage foreign investment in energy-type power battery units for new energy vehicles. In order to prevent the fall of technology, it is required that the foreign investment share capital should not exceed 50%; 3. When developing and changing the name to approve the new automobile production plant, the enterprise shall be required to have new energy automobile products; 4. In combination with local resource distribution and industrial characteristics, a number of industrialization bases related to new energy vehicles have been set up nationwide; Technical route, product R&D, test and R&D center: 1. The Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Scientific and Technological Development Plan (2006-2020) lists low energy consumption and new energy vehicles as the priority development theme; 2. In full consideration of China's weak industrial base and weak R&D capability, the Ministry of Science and Technology has strategically proposed a "three vertical and three horizontal" R&D strategic layout by adopting transition and transformation interaction; 3. The Ministry of Science and Technology has formulated the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" for the development of electric vehicle technology, set up major electric vehicle projects, and carried out technical research; 4. Enterprises, scientific research institutes and colleges and universities registered in China with independent legal personality can undertake the national high-tech development plan projects; 5. Local governments actively raise funds to set up special funds for research and development, industrialization and demonstration and promotion of new energy vehicles; 6. The Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Development and Reform Commission have successively set up a number of national engineering technology centers and engineering laboratories for energy-saving and new energy vehicles; Demonstration promotion and market cultivation: 1. Timely launch the "two legs" development model of new energy vehicles that combines research and development with demonstration; 2. Formulate the Interim Measures for the Administration of Financial Subsidies for the Demonstration and Promotion of Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles; 3. Formulate the Interim Measures for the Administration of Financial Subsidies for Private Purchase of New Energy Vehicles; 4. The Notice of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on Further Improving the Pilot Work of Demonstration and Promotion of Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles emphasizes the establishment of a fair market order to promote production enterprises to take advantage of technology, quality, price, and service, and orderly participate in market competition; 5. National ministries and local governments attach great importance to the safety of electric vehicle demonstration and promotion; 6. National and local governments, vehicle enterprises and infrastructure operators establish a layered new energy vehicle demonstration and promotion monitoring and data collection platform
[Organizational guarantee] 1. The Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the National Development and Reform Commission, based on their respective functions, establish a linkage and coordination mechanism to guide the pilot work of the demonstration and promotion of energy-saving and new energy vehicles in "ten cities and thousands of vehicles"; 2. The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce, based on the linkage and coordination mechanism, put forward equity requirements for foreign-invested new energy auto parts enterprises; 3. The Energy Administration, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other commissions and bureaus have established a linkage and coordination mechanism to carry out the construction of electric vehicle standards; 4. Local science and technology departments (committees and bureaus), in combination with the transformation and development of local cities, industrial cultivation, geographical characteristics and major activity needs, set up work leading groups to actively undertake national science and technology projects, and promote the demonstration and promotion of energy conservation and new energy vehicles in local areas;
[Business&Service] 1. Explore different supporting forms of infrastructure, such as charging, changing power, charging and changing compatibility, avoid high battery cost, insufficient battery performance and other factors, and promote the popularization and development of electric vehicles; 2. Explore new business models such as "financial leasing", "social donation" and "contract energy management" to reduce local financial pressure and accelerate the popularization and development of electric vehicles; 3. Explore the business model for all stakeholders in the whole value chain to achieve economic efficiency improvement in the whole life cycle of electric vehicles, and realize the sustainable development of electric vehicle demonstration and promotion;
[Application products] 1. Coordinate domestic resources, focus on advantages, carry out technological innovation of energy saving and new energy vehicles, improve the innovation ability of enterprises, enhance the international competitiveness of new energy vehicles, and develop more than 300 energy saving and new energy vehicles in total; 2. Develop electric vehicle charging/changing infrastructure to support the scale demonstration and popularization of electric vehicles; 3. Explore the joint supply and storage system of all-vanadium liquid flow storage and solar cell power generation, the energy storage system of combined wind and solar power generation, fuel cell communication and household standby power supply and other products to support the optimal control of power distribution;
[Optimal control] 1. An intelligent power distribution optimal control system that jointly considers the actual use conditions of basic energy production enterprises and application products;
[Energy infrastructure] 1. State Grid, China Southern Power Grid, Putian and other companies, in combination with the enterprise strategic planning and the "ten cities and thousands of vehicles" project, will build infrastructure suitable for urban energy conservation and new energy vehicle demonstration and promotion in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other regions;
[Intelligent and informationized highway transportation system] 1. Give full play to the respective advantages of aviation, rail, waterway and highway transportation, and establish a national comprehensive transportation system integrating point-line and area; 2. Make full use of information technology and intelligent control technology to realize the intellectualization and informatization of highway transportation system and improve the system efficiency; 3. Taking into account the intelligent and information-based characteristics of electric vehicles and using the Internet of Vehicles technology to integrate electric vehicles into the entire transportation system; 4. Use intelligent transportation, intelligent vehicle technology and GPSGPRS technology to provide additional intelligent services for vehicles and improve the additional value of vehicles.